No. Reference is made to W. S. W. McCarter et al, "THERMAL ACTIVATION OF ATTAPULGUS CLAY", Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. An aqueous solution of 35.8 g. cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate in 50 ml. However, there is a danger when using this method that not all the surfactant added will adsorb onto the clay but some will remain in solution thereby contaminating the liquid to be purified. of the diluted surfactant was sprayed as a fine mist onto the clay through an atomizing nozzle operated by a hand pump.
Fifty grams (50 g.) of low volatile matter (LVM) attapulgite clay 100% finer than 325 mesh Tyler was added to the flask and the slurry heated and stirred for two hours at 50-60 C. This clay originated from the Georgia-Florida area and was calcined to about 5% volatile matter and had a free moisture content of 1-3% as used. The slurry may be mixed from 1 minute to several days, but generally at least 15 minutes are required, and normally a time of 2-3 hours is sufficient. Volatile matter then is approximately equivalent to lattice water, and free moisture is equivalent to physically held water. The test solution was buffered by the addition of Na.
The milliequivalents are twice as great as the millimole figure because Varisoft is a di-quaternary compound. Modified clays contg. After treatment the slurry was suction filtered through #4 Whatman paper in a Buechner funnel. It is recognized in the art that a clear distinction between a granular size and a powder may not be made precisely. I have discovered that porous mineral substrates treated with organic-substituted quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compounds are effective sorbents for the purification of a variety of aqueous liquids. 
Of the wide variety of surface active organic-substituted quaternary ammonium salts available, one with at least one organic group of saturated or unsaturated straight, branched or cyclic chain length greater than four carbon atoms, should be chosen. For the preferred mineral substrate of the present invention, viz. The filter cake was reslurried in 100 ml. as used herein refers to the weight percent of the mineral eliminated when heated to constant weight at about 105 C. The term volatile matter or V.M. For example, fuller's earth has been a known purifying agent and decolorizer for fats and oils since antiquity.
PATENTED CASE. Temperature ranges and drying conditions are identical to those mentioned previously. A specially processed form of heat-treated attapulgite has disclosed use as a filter aid in U.S. Pat. silica, silex, quartz, glass beads, Layer silicates, e.g. The flasks were then shaken vigorously at 60 C. for 3 hours in a shaker bath. The heat-treated attapulgites have a surface area of about 80-140 m. It is preferred to have the ultimate particle size of the mineral substrate greater than about 2 microns when powdered grades are used. No. It has been recognized that mineral substrates may be modified to obtain a more organophilic surface to be effective sorbents for certain uses. Surfactant loading levels will also depend on the mineral substrate used. One hundred milliliters (100 ml.) zeolite facile attapulgite clay 5a fig Re. In treating aqueous systems for removal of contaminants, various grades of activated carbon or bone char impregnated with activated carbon have been widely used. Reference is made to C. T. Cowan et al, "ADSORPTION BY ORGANOCLAY COMPLEXES", Clays and Clay Minerals, vol. The filter cake was washed twice more by reslurrying in 200 ml. 2,885,360 to Haden et al, in which the treated clay is used as a thickening agent for various organic liquids. The cake was then broken up into small pieces and dried overnight in a forced air oven at 60 C. After drying the sample was sieved to substantially 100% finer than 325 mesh Tyler before use. Fifty grams (50 g.) of Varisoft 6112 solution as received (75% active ingredient, 25% isopropanol) was added to a beaker containing 270 ml. In general, it may be said that attapulgite calcined to a V.M. After one hour of agitation at 90 C., the heating was stopped and the samples were allowed to cool in the bath while agitation continued for another hour. A method of preparing heat-treated, so-called "activated" attapulgite which is substantially non-gelling and non-slaking is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
In some instances the performance of compositions of the present invention may be superior on a weight basis to activated carbon. Disposable filters and manufacturing process, Oil spill flocculating agent and method of remediating oil spills, Method of removing organic contaminants from air and water with organophilic, quaternary phosphonium ion-exchanged smectite clays, Process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems using organoclays, Use of thermally treated clays in animal feeds, Clay-containing textile material treating composition and method, Clay-containing dispersing composition for carriers used in the disperse dyeing of hydrophobic textiles, Chemical methods for removing contaminants from water, Organoclay compositions for gelling unsaturated polyester resin systems, Organoclay compositions for purifying contaminated liquids and methods for making and using them, Process for treating smectite clays to facilitate exfoliation, Organoclay compositions prepared from ester quats and composites based on the compositions, Preparation of polymer nanocomposites by dispersion destabilization, Composition and method for removing metal contaminants, Removal Of Organic Pollutants From Contaminated Water, Attapulgite skin softening and moisture cream used after depilation, Skin-protection plaster after shaving of attapulgite, Modified clay sorbents with multifunctional quaternary ammonium compounds and mono-quateranry ammonium compounds and methods of sorbing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) from contaminated samples with the modified clay sorbents, Clay bodied organic liquids and a process for the preparation thereof, Process for the use of vermiculite in waste water renovation, Process for the purification of industrial effluents, Process for the removal of metals from solution, Process for filtering liquors used in dry cleaning, Washing and cleaning products with reduced need for conventional chemicals, Laundry detergents and cleaners with reduced requirement for conventional chemicals, Method for removing metal contaminants from a metal containing solution, Contaminant separating method using a modified palygorskite clay sorbent, Adsorption of chlorinated phenols from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified pillared clays, Process for the preparation of synthetic zeolites, and zeolites obtained by said process, The removal of heavy metals, especially lead, from aqueous systems containing competing ions utilizing amorphous tin and titanium silicates, Adsorption of benzoic acid and hydroquinone by organically modified bentonites, Adsorption of tannic acid from aqueous solution onto chitosan/NaOH/fly ash composites: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and modeling, Adsorption of atrazine, hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine onto Fe (III) polyhydroxy cations intercalated vermiculite and montmorillonite, Solid bleaching composition for edible oils, Selective adsorption of organic material from water by modified clays, Method for separating proteins from a liquid medium, Silicate treatment of molecular sieve agglomerates, Process of modifying the porosity of aluminosilicates and silicas, and mesoporous compositions derived therefrom, Composition for the clarification of sugar-bearing juices and related products, Protonation of Organic Bases in ClayWater Systems, Composition, and method for the clarification of sugar-bearing juices, and related products, Zeolite containing cation exchangers, methods for preparation, and use, Sorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenol onto organobentonites: influence of organic cation structure and bentonite layer charge, Molecular sieve sorbents bonded with ion-exchanged clay, Deagglomeration of porous siliceous crystalline materials. content of the calcined product as produced will be less than that of the same material after storage in a humid environment or during handling. The data in Table III show treated attapulgite sorbents perform on a par with activated carbon and bone char depending upon surfactant loading level and type of surfactant. The concentration of surfactant in the solution added may be from 1 to 80%, with 20-50% preferred for ease in spraying. No. It is especially preferred to have no more than about 20% of the particles finer than 1 micron for ease in filtration. Patents to Sawyer: U.S. Pat. Nuchar activated carbon manufactured by Westvaco Corporation, New York, N.Y., is an activated carbon designed for water treatment use. resin kettle. distilled water while still on the paper. Exemplary minerals are high-calcium bentonites, acid-activated bentonites and calcined or heat-treated grades of attapulgite, with the temperatures of heat treatment generally above about 150 C. The mineral may be in powdered or granular form. As mentioned previously any of the well known anions may be used, with chloride, acetate and methyl sulfate preferred. Unmodified, heat-treated attapulgite has disclosed use in water treatment for removing certain metal cations, hormones, toxins, viral micro-organisms and pesticides. Bone char which is 5-10% activated carbon on a porous calcium phosphate substrate removes the majority of the color and inorganic salts (ash) which are not effectively adsorbed by activated carbon. The term fullers earth is more or less a catchall term for clays or other fine-grained earthy materials suitable for sorbent uses.
No. montmorillonite, bentonite, hectorite and other smectites as well as attapulgite and sepiolite. Thus, the present invention also provides a process for removing organic and inorganic contaminants from liquids which comprises treating the solution with particles of a porous mineral and quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound.
Surfactant treated clays have decolorizing ability dependent upon the loading level of surfactant, the substrate, and the nature of the surfactant. No. This solution was sprayed onto 500 g. of the same attapulgite as in Example 1. When prepared by reaction in solution, the mineral substrate is added to a stirred solution of dissolved quaternary ammonium salt in water, alcohol or mixtures thereof. Free format text: This test is not a laboratory screening test but an actual end-use in which the power of various sorbents to remove color bodies from a solution containing a high concentration of colorless solute (sucrose) is evaluated. The quaternary ammonium salt that is ion-exchanged on the mineral substrate is extremely difficult to remove by immersion in aqueous or organic liquids. It was used as the standard for bromocresol green decolorization.
As mined the mineral is associated with substantial water, both loosely held "free moisture" (F.M.) One hundred grams (100 g.) of the same attapulgite as used in Example 1 were added while the liquid was being stirred at room temperature. In another embodiment of the invention the treated mineral may be useful as a filter aid in applications where enhanced removal of suspended solids is desired. The resulting slurry is mixed for a time sufficient to achieve the desired degree of ion-exchange/adsorption, at which point the treated mineral product is recovered by filtration and drying. The clay may be calcined by means conventional in the art, for example a rotary calciner. In either case, it is essential that the mineral be non-slaking or non-gelling, and of particle size sufficiently large so that it is easily filtered or separated from the liquid by settling, centrifugation or other methods known in the art. The sample was dried an additional two hours at 73 C. in the oven. of distilled water were placed in a 1-liter 3-neck flask. The filter cake was reslurried once in 200 ml. In a second and preferred embodiment, the mineral substrate is treated with a quaternary ammonium salt and the treated mineral is then contacted with the liquid to be purified. quaternary compound/100 g. clay is especially preferred. The clay was contained in a rotating can tilted at an angle of about 45 degrees.
The particular combination of loading level and surfactant most effective for the particular job at hand is best found by experimentation well within the skill of the art. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite, attapulgite, Layer silicates, e.g. organic cations - are heat-treated to form intercalated graphite phase, useful as adsorbents, esp. An amount virtually equal to the cation exchange capacity of the mineral or about 30 meq. As an alternative, both the mineral and the quaternary ammonium salt may be added separately to the contaminated liquid. The filtrates were adjusted to pH 7.0 with 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH as required. The following examples, not to be construed as limiting, are presented to further illustrate practice of the invention. A solid particulate composition comprising particles of attapulgite clay calcined to a volatile matter content of 10 percent by weight or less at a temperature in the range of about 200-550 C. and having a surface area of about 80-140 m. 2. These non-clay minerals can be removed by wet process beneficiation methods to produce a relatively pure attapulgite. As an alternative, the mineral substrate may be impregnated with the quaternary ammonium salt directly by spraying a solution of the salt onto a tumbling bed of the mineral. Attapulgite fuses at about 1500C.
is more typically about 1-3% after handling, as the mineral readily absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. surfactant/100 g. treated clay. About 475 ml. for water purificn. Mixing times should be about 15 minutes, but normally 2-3 hours are sufficient. This mixture was then heated to 81-82 C. for 21/2 hours with continuous stirring. This liquor was 60.4 Brix (77.8 g. sucrose per 100 ml. aliquots of water and filtering. Two hundred sixteen grams (216 g.) of Varisoft 6112 as received (75% active ingredient) was diluted with isopropanol to give a total solution volume of 600 ml. of the buffered 1.0% molasses solution were added by pipette into the flasks. Five hundred milliliters (500 ml.) The performance of various sorbents is illustrated in Table I below: A high-quality activated carbon, Darco DC manufactured by ICI America, Inc. was used as the standard for these tests. The mineral form is elongate which gives this clay mineral some unusual properties. of distilled water was added to a 500 ml. The final product was analyzed for carbon by the LECO method, well-known in the art. A molasses test solution was prepared by dissolving commercial "blackstrap" molasses (Holiday brand) in distilled water to give a 1.0% by weight buffered solution and filtering the solution through a #4 Whatman paper. The tallow group (16-18 carbon atoms) is especially preferred. At 800 to 1000C enstatite, mullite, and cristobalite form. A relatively high surface area and a cationic exchange capacity above about 5 milliequivalents per 100 grams of sorbent is desirable. Attapulgite can be purified by using wet process beneficiation techniques so that impurities such as quartz, calcite, and dolomite can be removed. The bentonite was a commercial grade, Filtrol105, 100% finer than 325 mesh Tyler. Resin-type sorbents exemplified by Ambersorb XE-348 carbonaceous resin manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa., performed less well than activated carbon. In general, light loading levels are effective with lightly contaminated liquids; heavier loadings are required for strongly contaminated liquids. By way of example attapulgite clay calcined at temperatures in the range 200-550 C. is rendered non-gelling and non-slaking thereby. Reference is made to R. J. Martin et al "SELECTION CRITERIA FOR COMMERCIAL ACTIVATED CARBONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT", Abstract from American Chemical Society, 178th National Meeting, Washington, D.C., Sept. 9-14, 1979. This invention relates to compositions of aluminosilicate minerals treated with large organophilic cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compounds and a method for purifying liquids therewith. The preferred non-gelling grade mineral used in practice of my invention is a calcined attapulgite clay, also known as Attapulgus clay or Georgia-Florida fuller's earth, which is composed principally of the mineral attapulgite, but which also may contain significant amounts of mineral impurities such as montmorillonite, quartz (silica) and feldspar, and in some cases sepiolite. Calcination temperature should be in the range of about 200-550 C. with temperatures of 450-550 C. being especially preferred. The pH of this raw solution was 5.0-5.2. 3,024,164 to Sawyer and as an anti-caking agent disclosed in U.S. Pat. A water cooled reflux condenser was placed in one neck; a thermometer was immersed in the solution through another neck, and a motor-driven stirring shaft was placed through the central neck.
of Arquad T-50 solution as is (approximately 49-52% active ingredient, 36% isopropanol and 13% water) was added from a graduated cylinder. The amount of quaternary salt or quaternary cation on the treated mineral product may be determined by LECO carbon analysis familiar to those skilled in the art. In the structure of attapulgite there is some substitution of aluminum for silicon and substition of magnesium, manganese, and iron for aluminum. Attapulgite clays are sometimes referred to as sorptive clays because they have a large surface area and can absorb and adsorb many materials.
- Hotel Bella Grace Pet Policy
- The Blend Restaurant East Hampton
- Substitute For Coconut Oil In Body Scrub
- Wire Wrap Heart Shaped Stone Tutorial
- Metal Smoking Pipe With Cap
- Panera Salad Dressing Greek
