thunder laser fume extractor

Held the First Sunday of the month from 11am - noon, followed by Maintenance Day from noon - 2pm. Aubrey G. went above and beyond to make sure I had all the information I needed to purchase a Nova 35. He quickly found the problem. Vice Chair: Jonathan Smith - talk handle: trapezium. Note: Members are not allowed to perform maintenance on the machines unless Committee members are present or a Maintenance Workday is in progress.

A temporary make-up air system can be as simple as opening a window in the work area, although this may not be very practical in a commercial shop. Could effectively clean the filter cartridge and prolong the service life of the filter cartridge.

Hello, I want to give a big shout out to Brian Bell. Having no stack or one that is too small may cause the fumes to be drawn back into the building by an air conditioner or fan system, resulting in a strong odor and an unhealthy work environment. Laser 101: Thunder Basics. Here are 8 tips for writing great reviews.

Configuring Your Exhaust

This page was last edited on 5 July 2022, at 12:07. We have passed the China Environmental Protection Product CCAEPI-EP certification, and we have certificates of ISO9001 ,ISO14001, OHSAS18001, and CE certificate. This type of duct will require some fancy work to hook up to the laser, but it will allow the laser system to draw air from the outside, which will then be exhausted back outdoors. Peck SidaraPAT Technology Systems, Inc. - Filtrabox. We stopped updating these links, see the bottom of the page for other meetings. Helpful, knowledgeable, and quicker response than I could have asked for! Missed the note to turn on main laser components so the chiller would work.I did liked the response time.

Or, if your laser vent system sucks air out of the sealed room, that creates a vacuum, unless you provide a source of make-up air to replace the air you are evacuating. We are looking forward to a great relationship with Thunder Laser that has gotten off to a great start with Rhonda! Anyone can write a Trustpilot review. Since safe operation is paramount, we want to use the correct materials which will give us both a safe and long-lasting exhaust system. The design of fume collection plays a very important role in the fume removal effect. 6" vs. 4" diameter. Since the length and size of the duct and the number of bends in the run will reduce the amount of airflow and pressure, it is important to choose the correct size exhaust fan. Not all classes are taught regularly. When choosing the type of duct to use, use only metal duct.

My bed was a little off along with my laser a little off. The following people are authorized to maintain and service the laser. Machine fume collection system, including the design of the flow channel, the location of the suction inlet, the size of the suction inlet and so on. These out-gassed fumes from engraving or cutting are safe, however, when vented properly using a properly designed exhaust system.

This serves the same purpose as having air returns in each room of a house with a forced-air heating or cooling system. They both responded very promptly and helped me a great deal.

References: Another solution would be to use a remote controlled switch device, like you have for your television, with a receiver connected to the on/off switch on the fan. To join this committee, contact the committee chairperson.

I greatly appreciate his help. Demo & Hands-On Activity: (Big Thunder) Leather-and-Lasers keychain fob. 1600mm x 1000mm (63 x 39.4x 9.8); 130 Watts of Power, "Donner" Nova 35 (next to Fusion). Configuring the fan at the far end of the duct will also reduce the odor and fumes that otherwise might drift into the work area, making it safer in the long term. The stack, which is often overlooked but is very important in venting fumes away from the building, is topped off with a cap which keeps water, birds and other foreign matter from getting into the exhaust duct. From Fusion 360, select Fusion 360 App Store from the Add-ins menu. I sent support request at 10:45 pm and response was in the inbox when I awoke.I do miss verbal, with sound, interactions. I really appreciate the concise helpful answers from Chris. Many of the materials processed by the laser out-gas fumes and odors that are neither pleasant nor safe for the human respiratory system. Replacement lenses for Thunder Novas' Standard and High Def tubes (ZnSe CO2 Focus / Dia 20mm / FL 50.8 / plano-convex), How to purge full file memory on Thunder -, DXF4Laser. He has saved me again. Keep in mind that this air volume and pressure specification is needed at the exhaust outlet of the laser system. Locating the exhaust fan at the far end of the duct adds an important safety bonus in addition to a lower noise level. We are suppliers of Ferroli, Carraro, Koike, Saint-Gobain, Desmi, Esab, Ideagroetc.

However, this do-it-yourself test is not 100 percent reliable, so consulting an HVAC professional is recommended. Be very careful ordering and triple check! We have all seenand sometimes smelledwhen a laser is working. 300-Level Classes. Etching. As a rule, keep the number of bends to an absolute minimum and the length of the duct as short as possible to ensure proper airflow and pressure. 2022 Trustpilot, Inc. All rights reserved.

I wasnt expecting a response on a Sunday afternoon but Chris was so quick to help. The main duct should be constructed of 4" or 6" metal duct. Special offering to support crossover classes. Rebecca provided 5 stars customer service.Quick to responds.Thank you! Once receive your question, the supplier will answer you as soon as possible. Ahlstrom Nano flame-retardant filter . During the engraving and cutting operation of a laser, smoke and particulates are generated as the engraving material is being vaporized by the laser.

Hands-on class certifying Laser Committee members to replace lenses and mirrors, level beds, measure power output, and perform full system cleaning. However, having the fan located at the extreme end of the duct does cause a small logistical problem with switching the fan on and off.

http://www.nordfab.com/view/as Hands-on class certifying users to safely and effectively clean & evaluate the lenses and mirrors. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/silicac Im sure hes so glad to be done with me today LOL but I am so thankful for him and also for Chris helpful idea! The Laser Basics class (listed above) also contains a listing of potential material suppliers. If I could give 10 stars to Brian I would!

You will probably find someone willing to teach you. Promotion of interest in laser technology. Sponsored by other educational committees. If you cannot locate the exhaust fan outside, I would recommend moving it as far away from the laser system as possible.

The most professional laser engraver forum, Moderators: baker, Thunder laser - Tom, Thunder Laser -Nolan, You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot post attachments in this forum, Powered by phpBB Forum Software phpBB Limited.

The metal pipe allows you to electrically ground the entire duct system from the laser all the way to the exhaust port exiting from the building. Thank you for the great service. Laser 204: Holiday ornaments - Design and cut with Thunder, Laser 205: Laser cut jewelry on the Thunders. Once I got that level I noticed I was getting a double image. The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. http://www.airhand.com/downloads/Air_Handling_Design_Guide.pdf What About the Fan? And sure,many Chinese companies certainly, such as Senfeng Leiming, Bodor, Thunder, Gweike, He laser, Qiao Lian We fulfill the mission of 'making manufacturing more environmentally friendly and making life better',cooperates with domestic and foreign industry colleagues, scientific research institutions and other institutions,do our best to become aworldwide leader of environmental governance, and provide users with the more reasonable system solutions.

The CFM and pressure specifications we mentioned earlier are important when we choose the size and type of fan for our exhaust system. The following have admin rights, in addition to Infrastructure admins: A CNC laser cutter is a computer controlled tool for engraving and cutting. Without adequate replacement air, system efficiency can drop and, in extreme cases, laser users have reported symptoms of nausea or light headedness from breathing laser fumes due to the inability of the vent system to remove the fumes from a room operating under vacuum pressure. With high negative pressure and large air flow, could effectively deal with laser fume. Inconsistent results when cutting material close to 10mm. Dont forget that the end of the exhaust duct, called the stack, is just as important as all the other design factors.

Laser 102: Zing Basics. Laser Basics is the certification class needed to use the Thunder Lasers. Choose a fan that is rated for continuous duty and has bronze or ball bearings in the motor. Labeled Verified, theyre about genuine experiences.Learn more about other kinds of reviews.

I am highly impressed with the customer service at Thunder laser. Spark catcher, high efficiency metal fireproof netand high quality nano flame retardant filter material ,triple safety protection. So quick to answer - Wonderful customer service!! One of the most popular and cost-effective laser duct materials is often called galvanized steel heat pipe, the same type of metal duct used in most forced-air heating and cooling systems. I had an easy one. https://source.dallasmakerspace.org/display/LASER/Laser+Area+Rules+or+how+not+to+start+fires. Intro to Rotary attachment, prep and mounting items, Lightburn settings. Both guys helped me get my laser tune and back in business. If another committee has enough interest in learning laser, this class allows those members to learn together and not wait for enough openings in Laser 101. Self-developed high-performance Fan impeller.

Brian and Chris helped me identify the problem and resolve it quickly, even responding to emails over the weekend.

The best way to solve this issue is to have an electrician install an electrical outlet near the fan to plug the fan into and run a wire to a wall switch near your laser, which allows you to conveniently turn the vent system on and off as needed. What follows is a record of most laser classes taught. (3) This means you. Laser 108: Thunder Advanced Maintenance. https://calendar.dallasmakerspace.org/?category=45. This can crash the head. Of course, the fan itself is an integral part of an exhaust system. Required class to use Thunder Lasers.

If you'd like to take a class, ask some of the instructors or float the idea with other members (in person, talk, discord, etc). Air Handling Design Guide

I have been given answers that make sense without demeaning my lack of knowledge. As a reminder: Kudo's to Brian Bell, excellent service! 900mm x 600mm (35.4 x 23.6x 9.0); 130 Watts of Power. The first step is to consult your laser manufacturers manual to determine the airflow and pressure needed in configuring the exhaust system for your laser. All reviews are published without moderation. Crossover Classes. By Gary Johnson He was so polite and helped me every step along the way! Gift for PR: (Zing) Chair and Vice-Chair name tags. Advanced Techniques (ie comparing changing one variable, like Interval or Focus link): "Big Thunder" Nova 63. Reimbursing DMS for a personal material purchase is not even an option.

A correctly working exhaust will keep the inside of the laser cleaner and the air around the laser safe to breathe. The result of having such a system will be an improvement in engraving and cutting quality, with both a decrease in smoke residue on your work pieces and the need for cleaning inside the laser system. I can't say enough about how truly pleased I am with her for immediately making me feel like part of the Thunder family!! The laser draws air into the enclosure and then the exhaust fan pulls it outside. Consulting an HVAC company may be a good idea, just to be sure. Suppliers reviewed by inspection services. Rhonda has been phenomenal with my company in every aspect. Aside from computers acting stupid, losing touch, phones not ringing, etc, Brian and I had a very productive time he gave lots of great ideas and nuggets of info that after having used Lightburn for a few months, I had no idea about !!

We have seen the smoke when engraving wood and picked up on the unique scent as well. Chris then jumped in and sent me instructions how to check my laser alignment. !I have been thoroughly impressed with the customer support of Thunder Laser USA right from the get-goCan't thank you all enough for it and I look forward to working with you all going forwardBlessings,Bill ShoemakerNova 51-100, Read 1 more review about Thunder Laser USA. Laser softwares for Chinese manufacturers, Laser cutter software rdworks v8 tutorial. Equippedwith overload and over current protection and high security. Make-Up Air

You will find that some common sense, the correct materials and a good basic design make building an excellent exhaust system both easy to do and affordable. Information provided by various external sources. This category contains only the following file. A typical exhaust specification for a 12"x24" table laser system would be 500 CFM at 6" static pressure.

This remote device must be able to handle the current of the exhaust fan, so be sure to get an industrial, heavy-duty-rated remote switch that will be up to the task.

(or go, Sam's Laser FAQ: A Practical Guide to Lasers for Experimenters and Hobbyists -, laser engraving stainless steel w/ plaster -, Synrad Processing Plastics with CO2 Lasers -, The Ultimate Guide to Laser-cut Box Generators -, Boxes.py - Create boxes and more with a laser cutter!

It is very important to vent the fumes from the laser up and away from your building, so the stack should rise 2' to 3' over the highest part of the roof. I could not get my PC to connect to the controller. The Thunder Laser Nova 35 & 63 have servos (steppers with optical encoders). One safety advantage is that if there is a break in the seal that creates a small air leak, room air will leak into the duct rather than dangerous fumes leaking out into the work environment. Rodney Clemmons Jack Daniel's Laser Engraving Specialist. sets/literature/GaryJohnsonArticle.pdf Ask if questionable. Laser 301: Purse/Clutch with Living Hinge.

Required to use Lasers or Optional Fundamentals. Link: https://source.dallasmakerspace.org/display/LASER/Laser.

Building a quality exhaust system is also a vital safety precaution for operating a laser system. https://source.dallasmakerspace.org/display/LASER/Laser, https://learn.dallasmakerspace.org/course/view.php?id=4, http://www.thunderlaser.com/video/advanced-tutorial.html, Manufacturer's Suggested Material Settings, https://dallasmakerspace.org/wiki/Thunder_Laser, http://www.quatro-air.com/sph400-laser-fume-extractor.html, https://talk.dallasmakerspace.org/t/reaolved-laser-receipt-printer-out-of-paper/36458/3, https://talk.dallasmakerspace.org/c/laser, https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RpKt46AY-UbctIcSm9UzNQ2gSadPdOZRI6O8VVqJ-gA. Cloudray.

So, mounting the fan in an outside location is best whenever possible.

See Rules and Policies#Committees for more information. Laser 107: Thunder Optics Cleaning. Laser Area Rules or how not to start fires. The test involves having someone stand near the fan (so he or she can hear the fan) and closing off all the doors and windows to the laser room. If running the laser exhaust puts an extra strain on your heating/cooling system, one solution is to attach a fresh-air duct to the inlet of the laser engraving system.

Qingdao Power Space Environmental Protection Co.Ltd is, in the research and development, manufacturing industrial environmental protection equipment such as fume extractor. OSHA Dust Control Systems

Reserve lasers on calendar for cleaning shift and Open House. Laser 106: Thunder Basics for Crossover Classes.

Vectorizing images, working with vectors. As a laser fume extraction manufacturer, we supply to many laser system OEMs in North America.

Most laser systems have a 4" diameter port, so a 4" duct is adequate, but if the ducts total length is more than 35', a 6" diameter duct will be more efficient and offer more airflow. Rotary Attachment does not rotate - urgent ! It would be best to leave this type of special vent fabrication to your HVAC expert. Leatherworking SIG offers Leather-and-Lasers classes. By Air Handling Systems 2022-07-01 TJSmith Special Update this whole page is migrated. Laser Fume Extractor for Laser Cutting Machine Fume Filtration. Some users recommend a simple, do-it-yourself test for the adequacy of your make-up air apparatus. Wehaveindependent R&D and manufacturing bases. Read 2 more reviews about Thunder Laser USA. Proper Duct Basics Keep in mind that make-up air requirements can be substantial.

Had an issue with my thunder notcutting through on one side. rystalline/dust/chapter_3.html. In particular, never use any type of plastic or rubber duct material! Super friendly sales rep. and called on time for our meeting, which is very rare in these times.The Rep. Was knowledgeable about my questions and answered every one of them. This page has already been migrated, please go see the content on Source. Check the DMS Calendar for upcoming events. Modern laser engraving systems are very safe and productive when correctly installed and operated, however, a key component to the safe operation of a laser system is the exhaust ventilation system.

This can happen with the rotary attachment too.

Reducing the amount of friction the air has in traveling through the duct is ideal, so configure your duct to be as short as possible with as few bends and elbows as practicable. Inkscape 102: Image Prep. IMPORTANT: Link defaults to WRONG SIZE.

Raster: 75s 60p; Cut: 60s 70p 5000f 1000dpi. She has answered all our questions, followed up with every email and inquiry with speed and diligence, and helped us every step of the way!

Committees are voluntary groups, formed by members in order to achieve certain goals. I haven't received the Thunder Laser machine and I'm already happy with the service I already received.

Related classes for other Digital Fabrication tools, so it receives its own 100-Level numbering. On the other hand, using an improperly designed system can create an unpleasant work environment and expose the operator to low levels of the airborne fumes.

If you have a longer duct run or more than three or four bends in the duct, you will need to go to a larger size fan and possibly a slightly larger duct. -.

Much like your TV remote, remote switches are battery operated, so they can be placed within easy reach of your laser system. Laser 201: Etching Tumblers and Glass on the Thunder Rotary.

900mm x 600mm (35.4 x 23.6x 9.0); 130 Watts of Power, "Blitzen" Nova 35 (next to Big Thunder). The list of acceptable materials for use with the laser cutter. White-on-black dual-layer acrylic.

One important design criterion for any heating, cooling or ventilation system is called make-up air or replacement air. This is based on the idea that whenever you pump air into a sealed room (air pressure) without providing a means for the same volume of air to escape, the result is to pressurize the atmosphere in the room. Allwood 6/4" (1.5") x 18" x 84" Birch (Routed edges both faces), Chair Depots Atlantic Aluminum Chair with Brushed Aluminum Finish, 2 pack, Chair Depots Atlantic Aluminum Swivel Backless Stool, Brushed Aluminum Finish, Quartet Porcelain Magnetic Whiteboard, 4 x 3 Feet, Black Aluminum Frame (2544B), Seville Classics UltraHD 2-Door Rolling Cabinet, BEHR PREMIUM PLUS Interior/Exterior Hi-Gloss Enamel Paint - Ultra Pure White, Deep Base, 3.43 L in Candy Apple 04YR 11/537 R40, https://dallasmakerspace.org/wiki/MakerSpace_Lasers, https://talk.dallasmakerspace.org/t/tips-for-cutting-leather-on-lasers/35307/18, https://talk.dallasmakerspace.org/t/issue-with-donner-1-13-19/49321/4, http://imajeenyus.com/electronics/20131024_laser_wire_stripping/index.shtml, http://www.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/baudisch/projects/laserorigami.html, http://www.instructables.com/id/10-Tips-and-Tricks-for-Laser-Engraving-and-Cutting/, http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/lasersam.htm, http://frankieflood.blogspot.ca/2014/12/cermark-alternative.html, http://frankieflood.blogspot.ca/2014/12/laser-engraving-stainless-steel-w.html, http://www.jamiecraig.com/de-encapsulating-ics-with-a-laser-cutter/, http://www.synrad.com/synradinside/pdfs/LaserProcessingGuide_Plastics.pdf, http://www.instructables.com/id/The-Ultimate-Guide-to-Laser-cut-Box-Generators/, https://hackaday.com/2016/05/31/how-to-fail-at-laser-cutting/, https://dallasmakerspace.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Laser&oldid=33969, Training members in the safe, effective use of the Lasers, Care and maintenance of the lasers (The Epilog Fusion, Zing and Thunder Novas), Consumables of the lasers (Lenses, Mirrors, Laser Tubes, Supplies, etc), Maintenance of the laser computers in cooperation with Infrastructure. It uses a high-powered laser to burn through material, leaving a very crisp cut. 100-Level Classes.

mobile We strive to offer the same level of quality, service and support to our mutual customers. Thank you! Keep in mind that the electrical motor and the fan blade combined can make a droning noise which might be in excess of 50 decibels. A simple rule of thumb is, if you have a 20"x24" table laser system and a duct run of 20' or less, a 1/2 horsepower fan that is rated for 660 CFM at 4" static pressure will be enough to meet the system manufacturers specifications.

If in doubt about the optimum duct size, I would recommend using the next larger size, e.g. Great customer service!

As a newcomer to Lasers in general and ThunderLaser in specific, my questions are very rudimentary if not remedial. We have been innovating and improving our laser engravers since 2010 and we combine an incredible value with amazing customer support. Don't put anything in the way of the head so that it crashes. It forces a re-Home and then rights itself. Gift for Printmaking Committee: (Donner) A set of 26 business-card sized print blocks to support the crossover class "Laser Block Engraving". An important design criterion is the location of the exhaust fan along the duct.

Covers Inkscape, creating compatible PDF file, laser safety, and using the Epilog Zing. I had to purchase the power supply to the laser and they walked me through the items I needed.

He is just so knowledgeable, and nice, he solved my camera issues so now I am up and running like I had hoped. With the fan located at the far end of the duct, it is creating a vacuum pressure that essentially sucks the air out of the duct. An exhaust fan with these ratings will give you many years of dependable service. Printmaking SIG offers Laser Block Engraving. I had contemplated purchasing another brand but decided to go with Thunder because of their exceptional reputation.

The team at Thunder Laser USA have been very professional, on point and extremely knowledgeable in the line of laser products they offer.

Calculating the exact airflow will require an HVAC engineer or using the more common method of slightly oversizing the fan size to give you adequate flow and pressure. Cleaning Shift: night before, 7-9pm. Brian Bell is amazing! Laser 103: Fusion Basis. Both gentlemen and videos helped me tremendously. Shipping time was so quick! Here is a link to some plastics suppliers. A laser system is designed to facilitate the efficient removal of the smoke and particulates by drawing them out of the enclosure using an exhaust system.

I have not even received my Nova 35 as yet, but am becoming less concerned about the learning curve thanks to Chris' tutelage. Export a Fusion360 face to .dxf file. Got a hold of support, Brian gave me a video showing how to level my crumb tray. Required class to use the Epilog Zing laser. Thunder Laser USA is your premier source for amazing laser machines, laser engravers, laser cutting, and laser marking machines. Heating, or in some cases cooling, a room which has a laser engraver installed may be a challenge, especially if you are exhausting the temperature-controlled air at a rate of around 500 CFM. https://learn.dallasmakerspace.org/course/view.php?id=4.

(2) DMS accounts are not to be used to get tax-free sales for personal purchases. If it senses a lot of skipped steps it just gives up and assumes something has gone terribly wrong. Advanced Skills, Multiple Skills, Advanced Projects. Qingdao Power Space Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. Please check Talk and the Event Calendar for possible changes due to availability of the Team that month. Weabsorb advanced foreign technology, introduces anumber of well-known industry experts, and transforms anumber of advancedfumeand dust treatment technologies.

Wehave37national patents and 7patents are pending. (Note: this link to be deleted when page retired) Wiki page for Thunder Laser - https://dallasmakerspace.org/wiki/Thunder_Laser, How to refill (with diagram) and where to find refills: https://talk.dallasmakerspace.org/t/reaolved-laser-receipt-printer-out-of-paper/36458/3. Improve the user profile for thunder laser tech support.

A number of commercial systems incorporate heat exchangers to temper the air temperature closer to room temperature as it enters the shop. We are talking about evacuating that much air per minute.

However, problem was solved quickly and efficiently. Why is metal duct required? A source of make-up air is important in any laser vent system. Resetting the machine clears things and it should go back to normal operation. (Note: this link to be deleted when page retired) https://dallasmakerspace.org/wiki/MakerSpace_Lasers. The End of the Duct

The type of fan we should use is an impeller unit with, typically, a 1/2, 3/4 or 1 horsepower electric motor to power it. If you can hear the fan begin to labor as it changes its pitch when the room is fully closed, thats an indication of inadequate make-up air, which is a potentially dangerous condition. Chris Locascio is a great help.

For example, if your ventilation system is rated at 500 CFM, the replacement air is the volume of air that is contained in a room roughly 8'x8'x8'. Contact the Committee on the DMS Discussion Board using either (a) the Laser Category, (b) the @Team_Laser tag, or (c) individual tags given below. It is composed of pipeline of laser cutting machine and connecting pipeline from laser cutting machine to fume extractor.

Anytime I have issues, which is often because I'm new ro this, he helps me out. As a redundant clarification, the rules have been removed from the Wiki because they are on the Source. Covers the principles of lasers, safety, use of RDWorks, and Thunder Lasers. dust collector, dust collector for laser or plasma cutting, downdraft work table We arenational high-tech enterprise, and we areschool-enterprise cooperation unit of Qingdao University and Qingdao University of Science and Technology. The support with Thunder Laser is awesome. Laser Basics is now available online! Suppliers with verified business licenses. Covers safety, compatible files, use of the software, the laser interface, and the rotary attachment. The number of bends in and the length of the duct will reduce the airflow and pressure. DMS Wiki is being migrated to source.dallasmakerspace.org Any member is welcome to show up for the Monthly Maintenance Days and help maintain the lasers and learn more about them.

The three parts complement each other to complete the purification treatment of laser cutting fume. Requires class to use the Epilog Fusion laser. At the time of writing (7/1/2020) zing cart is in progress. Temperature Controlled Rooms Could collect and clean dust conveniently. Users often provide replacement air by running a length of duct from the outdoors to (near) the laser. Thunder Laser User notes Important! We use dedicated people and clever technology to safeguard our platform.

Next, open at least one door and/or large window allowing the free flow of air into the room.

Thunder, you are so lucky to have an employee like Brian, treat him like gold :). Designing Your Dust Collection System to Meet NFPA Standards A good laser exhaust system is one that is quiet, removes smoke and odors, helps in reducing sparks and flaming and creates a safe working environment.

!Brian has forwarded a continuous stream of links to other great information to me, it's hard to keep up with him !!! Brian was incredibly helpful and didnt get impatient with me and my frantic freak out over my technical issue.

High-quality and high-strength galvanized sheet(2mm),and the surface adopts electrostatic spraying of multi-layer anti-corrosion rust process. The thin metal slats have been specifically chosen to help avoid head crashes.

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