research paper on biopesticides pdf

Insect pathology research at icipe in the 1980's comprised systematic bioprospecting for entomopathogens using the Galleria mellonella bait method, establishment of a facility for bioassays, mass production and field testing. (2017). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. In Kenya, collaboration has been excellent with the Pest Control Products Board and the Directorate of Veterinary Services.

Behavioral responses of Thrips tabaci Lindeman to endophyte-inoculated onion plants. A plethora of polyphagous indigenous and invasive pests, such as whiteflies, leafminers (Liriomyza sp. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2469.0006, Niassy, S., Subramanian, S., Ekesi, S., Bargul, J. L., Villinger, J., and Maniania, N. K. (2013). 127, 11511154. (2020). Pathogenicity and performance of two candidate isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in four liquid culture media for the management of the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). R4D into insects for food and feed is of growing interest and a new foray in which icipe has taken a lead for sub-Saharan Africa. tripathi arun Your guide to bed bugs. Undoubtedly, growers, both small- and large-scale, are becoming increasingly aware of the benefits of using biopesticides and decide to apply them, backed by strong awareness campaigns and capacity building by icipe and its partners. Marrone Bio Innovations (United States), United States. Resour. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.015, Midingoyi, S. G., Kassie, M., Muriithi, B., Diiro, G., and Ekesi, S. (2019). Throughout the years, and based on experience from developing four strains into commercial biopesticides, development of novel biopesticides has been streamlined, greatly reducing product development timeline between initial screening and registration, which is critical for tackling emerging invasive pests such as S. frugiperda. 86, 285292. J. The private sector is an essential partner, and collaboration has been and is strong with Real IPM, leading to the registration and development of several biopesticide products and application technologies. (2009). Use of Metarhizium anisopliae chitinase genes for genotyping and virulence characterization. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.11.014, Mutune, B., Ekesi, S., Niassy, S., Matiru, V., Bii, C., and Maniania, N. K. (2016). (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.020, Nchu, F., Maniania, N. K., Hassanali, A., and Eloff, J. N. (2010b). 7:309. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00309, Chepkemoi, S. T., Mararo, E., Butungi, H., Paredes, J., Masiga, D., Sinkins, S. P., et al. ), cereal stemborers (C. partellus and Busseola fusca), the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, the African bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, the red spider mite Tetranychus urticae, the tomato spider mite Tetranychus evansi, aphids, thrips, fruit flies, pod borers, pod suckers, storage beetles, the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta and, recently, the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta significantly reduce sustainable production of staple and horticultural crops, and consequently inflict enormous economic losses. The global market for biopesticides is valued at 3.0 billion USD, accounting for 5% of the global pesticide market (Marrone, 2014). External Evaluation of the Biovision ICIPE Malaria IVM Projects in Kenya and Ethiopia (Nairobi: icipe). With an estimated economic value of 19 million USD per year in Kenya, the benefit-cost ratio of fruit fly IPM is estimated at 27:1 over 32 years, equating a 29% internal rate of return and with a potential to reduce the number of rural poor people by 72,642. Further biological and molecular characterization of these strains are currently ongoing. 10, 343335. also plays a critical role in determining the genetic structure of C. sesamiae in sub-Saharan Africa (Branca et al., 2019) and can influence the diversity of the host. Currently, the most virulent strains are assessed for non-target effects on natural enemies and formulations are fine-tuned for optimal field applications as a function of life stage, with field efficacy evaluation and fast-tracking of registration or label extension envisaged during 2020. Endophytic colonization of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) by fungal pathogens and their effects on the life-history parameters of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). For management of T. absoluta, biopesticides are being developed that target adults as well as induce systemic resistance through endophytic activity against larvae. Among the insect pathogens, greater focus has been placed on fungi, especially Metarhizium anisopliae, against key crop and livestock pests. The use of biopesticides needs to be fully integrated into an IPM approach. Afr. Econom. Murigu, M. M., Nana, P., Waruiru, R. M., Nga'nga, C. J., Ekesi, S., and Maniania, N. K. (2016). These biopesticides were applied on >89,000 ha and nearly 133,000 ha in 2019 and 2020, respectively, indicating an exponentially expanding coverage (Figure 1). Compatibility between Calpurnia aurea leaf extract, attraction aggregation, and attachment pheromone and entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on viability, growth, and virulence of the pathogen. Parasitol. Distinct strains of endosymbiotic Spiroplasma sp. Entomol. Entomol. A recent research thrust centers on endophytes such as Hypocrea lixii and Trichoderma sp. Table 3. Kiriga, A. W., Haukeland, S., Kariuki, G. M., Coyne, D. L., and Beek, N. V. (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.004, Herren, J. K., Mbaisi, L. M., Mararo, E., Makhulu, E. E., Mobegi, V. A., Butungi, H., et al. Green Muscle as well as the novel product Novacrid based on Metarhizium acridum strain EVCH 077 are commercialized and marketed by Elephant Vert. Oundo et al. Extensive bioprospecting has been conducted by icipe for virulent entomopathogens against both ticks and tsetse flies. Appl. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates to the adult pea leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and prospects of an autoinoculation device for infection in the field. A. Microbiol. acridum strain IMI 330189, which is highly effective for controlling S. gregaria (Bateman et al., 2017). The authors gratefully acknowledged the financial support for this research by the following organizations and agencies: UK's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and the Government of the Republic of Kenya. 9:168. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-168. Vet. Med. Politzar, H., and Cuisance, D. (1982). Kibira, M., Affognon, H., Njehia, B., Muriithi, B., and Ekesi, S. (2015). icipe's biopesticide R4D has focused on management of mosquitoes, ticks, tsetse flies and sand flies. Oladunmade, M. A., Feldmann, U., Takken, W., Tenabe, S. O., Hamann, H. J., Onah, J., et al. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108242, Muvea, A. M., Subramanian, S., Maniania, N. K., Poehling, H. M., Ekesi, S., and Meyhoefer, R. (2018). Fungal endophytes: beyond herbivore management. However, most edible insects are harvested from the wild, which may result in food safety issues for consumers. For tsetse management, the lure-and-infect approach will be fine-tuned by combining biopesticides based on M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 30 with odor-baited traps in auto-dissemination devices and repellent collars. Especially for smallholder farmers who rely on their crops as a primary dietary staple, it is essential to introduce management techniques of lower toxicity. KA, SS, TD, and SE designed the review outline. Socio-economic studies are increasingly being conducted to estimate the impact of biopesticides as part of an IPM package on crop yield and income among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication. (2017). Nutr. transmission. Chapter 23 - LUBILOSA: the development of an acridid-specific mycoinsecticide, in Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests From Theory to Practice, ed L. A. Lacey (Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier), 343353. Successful application of deltamethrin pour onto cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) 4:563016. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.563016. Longstanding research has yielded significant results, and currently, three fungal products based on M. anisopliae strains ICIPE 69, ICIPE 78 and ICIPE 62 are commercialized for management of key pests in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa as well as Canada (Table 2). On average 45 PhDs and >10 MScs are trained annually on various aspects of arthropod pathogens, including bioprospecting, isolation, molecular characterization, laboratory bioassays, formulations, application technologies, socio-economics and value chains. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.016, Bamisope, S. B., Dash, C. K., Akutse, K. S., Keppanan, R., and Wang, L. (2018b). Control 11, 248254.

doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00389.x, Maniania, N. K. (1998). Keywords: Africa, biological control, entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, public-private partnership, Citation: Akutse KS, Subramanian S, Maniania NK, Dubois T and Ekesi S (2020) Biopesticide Research and Product Development in Africa for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security Experiences From the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe). Partnerships with national policy and regulatory bodies are strong and essential for product registration. Ecol. Such scaling efforts, complementing existing extension efforts of Real IPM and other private companies, are focused on smallholder farms and often coincide with on-farm research of products prior to registration. Using comparative in vitro chitin digestion techniques would be more appropriate to compare the quality and quantity of chitinase production among fungal strains. Pathogens, endosymbionts, and blood-meal sources of hostseeking ticks in the fast-changing Maasai Mara wildlife ecosystem. 11:1538. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01538. Infection of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes with entomopathogenic fungi: effect of host age and blood-feeding status. Exp. Kenya Biologics (Thika, Kenya), HottiServe East Africa (Nairobi, Kenya), Russell IPM (Deeside, UK), Farm Track Consulting (Nairobi, Kenya) and, more recently, Koppert Biological Systems (Berkel en Rodenrijs, Netherlands), Provivi (Santa Monica, USA) and Dudutech (Nairobi, Kenya) have indicated interest to collaborate in development of biopesticides and associate products, such as pheromones and insect traps.

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