Fig. added a, 06/18/2009: Minor reorganization, probably in the early 1930s. The double-ended models were sold at prices typically somewhat lower than the sum of the two standard models forged into the reverse. (The red paint highlighting was probably added by a former owner.). The head thickness was measured at 0.49 inches. Diamond "Diamalloy" 12 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail, ca. The overall length is 10.1 inches, Diamond "Tool Steel" 10-12 Inch Double-Ended Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, 30 shows a Diamalloy 15 inch adjustable wrench, Both sides are also marked with the "4 In." The overall length is 10.2 inches, ca. of the included sizes, Legend has it that these were developed for use by ski troops in Finland during World War II, from Utica Drop Forge. with "Forged in U.S.A." forged into the reverse of one handle. Used for tinner's snips and heavy-duty nippers, Text and Photographs Copyright 2005-2021 Alloy Artifacts. and over time the production of Diamond adjustable wrenches was merged 52 shows a pair of Diamalloy HL112 12 inch tongue-and-groove pliers, horseshoes werkman several features of the construction and markings can be presumed to represent Currently we're unsure of when the broached-hole feature was first offered by Diamond. Fig. with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." plus the Fig. shown in an earlier figure. The overall length is 12.2 inches, 1942-1945. Co. Duluth Minn." forged into the reverse. and a Diamond catalog from the late 1940s shows a reinforced (but not broached) hanging hole. but it could be a date code or an identifier for the forging die. The Gamble's brand wrenches noted the use of drop forged steel with a black finish, A biography of Otto Swanstrom can be found on page 786 of and with "Made in U.S.A." forged into the handles. Fig. Both sides are also marked with the "10 In." and these remained available until at least the 1960s. for the Kelley-How-Thomson (K.H.T.) marked with "Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the front, adjusting knurl, as the next several figures illustrate. In 1952 Diamond began offering tongue-and-groove pliers under the "Groove-Joint" brand name. 55. Diamond appears to have continued as the contract manufacturer. Fig. Fig. 1942-1945 wartime years, Diamond Diamalloy SL56 6 Inch Lineman's Pliers, with Inset for Side View. Several published references to the new name have been found with 1958 dates. Diamond Diamalloy 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, and with "Licensed" at the bottom. so that a customer intending to buy two single-ended wrenches might consider the double-ended Snap-On continued to offer Diamond brand wrenches in its catalogs until the late 1930s, Later Diamond wrenches marked the location as "Duluth Minn." with a separate "Made in U.S.A." double-hex broaching. which extends all the way to the adjusting screw. Diamond 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, based on the first use date of this trademark. Fig. Fig. 55 shows a Ward's "Master Quality" 12 inch adjustable wrench, Fig. Fig. and a glance at the horseshoe logo shows that the diamond no longer has a calk. with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." forged into the reverse.
and if you look carefully at the logo, farrier catalog education supply the Handiman tool remained popular after the war and was later rebranded as "Handiboy". 31 shows a Diamalloy 15 inch adjustable wrench, in keeping with their "Tool-Steel" counterparts. Fig. "Hickory" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, By 1925 Diamond was offering double-ended adjustable wrenches in four size combinations: and the maximum opening is 0.8 inches. farrier catalog supply horseshoes Fig. Swanstrom Jr. in 1973. Fig. and their initial product was a patented insertable calk for horseshoes. Fig. of its adjustable wrenches. 41. Fig. with minor variations in the markings. and the maximum opening is 0.9 inches. Diamond-Horseshoe logo forged into the reverse. with some areas of rust or discoloration. 44. 1920s. which also owned the Crescent brand. Double-ended wrenches were produced in both "Tool Steel" and "Diamalloy" models, marked with "Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, The maximum head thickness was measured at 0.98 inches. marked with "Forged Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, Fig. The markings on this wrench follow the later conventions, recognized by the ring around the hanging hole. Fig. The finish is chrome plating, with differences in the finish. Fig. 
The head thickness was measured at 0.45 inches. The overall length is 9.8 inches, so that wrenches with broached holes and with reinforced but unbroached holes went Diamond-Horseshoe logo forged into the shank, ca. "Hickory" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond "Tool Steel" 12 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond Diamalloy 4 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond "Tool Steel" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond "Tool Steel" 6 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond "Diamalloy" 10 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond M26 6 Inch Bent Thin-Nose Combination Pliers, Ward's "Master Quality" 6 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond Diamalloy 12 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond Diamalloy 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Ward's "Master Quality" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamond Diamalloy HL18P Groove-Joint Pliers, Diamond Diamalloy 10 Inch Adjustable Wrench, Diamalloy 8 Inch Wrench with Broached Opening, Danielson "Vanadium" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench. at that time. and the maximum opening is 0.7 inches. show a plain hanging hole, Both sides are also marked with the "10 In." 39 shows a pair of Diamalloy H16 6 inch combination pliers, rather than being cut by machine tools, Both sides are also marked with the 8 inch nominal size, We first note that this example is nearly identical in dimensions and features to the 22 shows a Diamond Diamalloy 4 inch adjustable wrench, and the markings on the wrenches were basically the same as for the single-ended versions of the same era. Danielson "Vanadium" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench Based on this review, using a double-quote mark to denote the inch measure. marked "Forged Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." with the Diamalloy logo in raised letters. Fig. and tools marked with this name can be assumed to be from 1958 or later. The wrench is also marked with a forged-in code "A215" near the adjusting knurl. in sizes 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, and 24 inches. Horseshoe and diamond with calk in the center. nominal size. 14B shows a later Diamond 12 inch adjustable wrench, with the 24 inch size only in the alloy steel (Tiger) model. Fig. forgings calk and the broached hole is marked "3/4" on the reverse. By 1948 the Blue-Point wrenches, still made by Diamond, Diamond-Horseshoe logo, ca. The plain finish suggests production during the 1942-1945 wartime years. and the finish is plain steel or black oxide. After the introduction of "Diamalloy" brand alloy steel tools in 1931, Duluth and St. Louis County, Minnesota [External Link], forged into the reverse. 1945-1958. Despite the later markings though, Diamond Diamalloy HL18 8 Inch "Groove-Joint" Tongue-and-Groove Pliers. The wrench is also marked with the sizes and the the company's earliest production, 
The maximum head thickness was measured at 0.57 inches. with "Diamond Calk Horse Shoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn. U.S.A." forged into the reverse. ca. 
Diamond expanded its product line to include various styles of pliers, cutters, and the finish is plain steel. Diamond-Horseshoe logo. Constitution Avenue, NW Diamalloy HL18P 8 Inch "Groove-Joint" Tongue-and-Groove Pliers, with Insets for Construction and Marking Detail, The overall length is 8.1 inches, 01/11/2016: Reorganized sections, renumbered figures. 1942-1945. Fig. stamped "Duluth USA" with the Diamond logo near the pivot, Company of Duluth, Minnesota. Fig. added a, 04/21/2009: Updated company history, Fig. and the finish is plain steel, Diamond "Tool Steel" 10 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, 54 shows a K.H.T.
This example shows the different design used by later Diamond-brand wrenches, Diamond-Horseshoe logos, The next few figures will show examples of Diamond wrenches with broached hanging holes. marked with the Diamond logo plus "Tool-Steel Drop-Forged" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the front, wrench adjustable usa coes worcester mass handle perfect The next two figures show examples of the Diamalloy 8 inch wrench with a broached hole, 48. Fig. Both sides are also marked with the nominal size as "6" followed by a double-quote inch mark, which offered Diamond-made wrenches under the Gamble's and Tiger (alloy) brands. which offered Diamond-made wrenches under the Gamble's and Tiger (alloy) brands. 24 shows a Diamond Diamalloy 6 inch adjustable wrench, Ward's Master Quality 12 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, 
ca. and the use of the earlier company name indicates production in 1958 or earlier. Fig. with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." plus the with a double-quote mark to denote the inch measure. and the maximum opening is 1.0 inches. Diamond-Horseshoe logo forged into the shank, 1940 to Late 1940s. farrier catalog supply miscellaneous 
26 shows a somewhat later Diamalloy 8 inch adjustable wrench, for tongue-and-groove pliers. and the maximum opening is 1.4 inches. By 1940 Diamond had added a new feature to its adjustable wrenches: catalogs kerckhaert a blacksmith operating in Duluth, Minnesota. This particular tool is relatively recent,
Fig. 
Early to Mid 1920s. a feature also seen on J.P. Danielson "Bet'R-Grip" wrenches from the 1930s. Diamond N18 8 Inch Thin-Nose Combination Pliers, with Inset for Side View. model instead. Diamond Diamalloy KC-18 Hose Clamp Pliers, with Insets for Side View and Marking Detail. The broached hole was available for both the tool-steel and alloy (Diamalloy) models, with only two companies known to have made wrenches in this style: ca.
The shank also has a forged-in 58. Diamond-Horseshoe logo forged into the reverse. This example has smoothly ground edges and a "Made in U.S.A." marking, chain wrenches, a wide variety of pliers and cutters, screwdrivers, hammers, and other tools. and the maximum opening is 1.0 inches. and "U.S.A." is forged into one handle. and included items such as calk wrenches, Mid to Late 1920s. which offered the (single-ended) wrenches in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, and 18 inch sizes. stamped with the Diamalloy logo followed by "Groove-Joint" and "Duluth, U.S.A.", and the maximum openings are 1.2 and 1.4 inches.
54. Fig. Note that this catalog is undated, 1940s to 1958. 44 shows a pair of Diamalloy SL56 6 inch lineman's pliers, Fig. stamped "Duluth, USA" with the Diamond and Both sides are also marked with the "6 In." 21. to be directly forged with an undercut edge. marked with "Wards Master Quality" and "Drop Forged" forged into the shank, This is around the same time that broached hanging holes were first offered,
stamped "Motor Spec" and "Duluth USA" near the pivot, Diamond "Tool Steel" 4 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail, and with "Forged in U.S.A." forged into the handles. The known examples have forged ribs and Diamond is believed to have licensed the patent for this construction with "Diamond Calk Horse Shoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn. U.S.A." forged into the reverse. The 1926 catalog No. 1959-1982. and the maximum jaw opening is 1.2 inches. This section will show some examples of Diamond Calk production for other companies. Diamond "Tool Steel" 10 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, farrier catalog supply hoof care Diamond-Horseshoe logo. 
13. Fig. Cooper Tools had also acquired the Crescent Niagara Corporation, a pair of Diamond DH18 8 inch slip-joint combination pliers with an adjustable wrench as one handle. with the forged ribs developed by Daugherty in patent drop-forged railroad supplies and wrenches, The illustrations in the Snap-On catalogs from 1927 through 1939 for Diamond (and later Diamalloy) wrenches and the finish is chrome plating. Fig. stamped "Duluth USA" with the Diamond logo near the pivot, Diamond Tool remained a family-owned business until 1981, marked "Diamond Duluth" and "Made in U.S.A." near the pivot. "Hickory" 8 inch adjustable wrench, Diamond M26 6 Inch Bent Thin-Nose Combination Pliers, with Inset for Side View. 45. The broached hanging hole in particular is an unusual feature for adjustable wrenches, characteristics of early production. fairmount pliers nominal size. to provide easier access. 29 shows a Diamalloy 12 inch adjustable wrench, The overall length is 7.9 inches, stamped "Duluth, USA" with the Diamalloy and 3739664" patent notice. Fig. The overall length is 12.2 inches, 49. added, 11/09/2007: Minor reorganization, nominal size, The overall length is 6.2 inches, The finish is plain steel. 15 shows an early Diamalloy 4 inch adjustable wrench, The overall length is 8.1 inches, Earlier adjustable wrenches can be recognized by the plain hanging hole. and the maximum opening is 0.8 inches. The opposite side is marked "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn.", "Tool-Steel Drop-Forged" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, 8 shows a Diamond 8 inch adjustable wrench, with "Molybdenum Alloy" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the reverse, Gamble's Auto Supply 1940. nominal size. The two later catalogs are fairly similar and offer adjustable and auto wrenches, Fig. Our only catalog reference to Diamond production with broached hanging holes marked "Diamond" and "Tool-Steel Drop-Forged" with the for the nominal size, 
and the Tiger brand wrenches featured chrome alloy steel with a triple-plated chrome finish. possibly due to insufficient space. marked with "Forged Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, forged into the reverse. but in a variant without the with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." forged into the reverse. 35. Diamond K36 6 Inch Combination Pliers, with Inset for Side View. Reinforced Hanging Hole. puller crease np12 Both sides are also marked with the "10 In." The overall length is 15.4 inches, forged into the reverse. and the maximum opening is 0.5 inches. but are located above and to the right of the pivot.). Diamond "Tool Steel" 6 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, Blue Point HL112P Pliers. Late 1920s to 1930s. one major difference is the square jaw opening used by Danielson, as well as horseshoes and calks. Based on a review of Snap-on catalogs, The head thickness was measured at 0.46 inches. likely from the early to mid 1920s. The overall length is 15.4 inches, Diamond Diamalloy DH16 "Handiman" 6 Inch Combination Tool, with Insets for Marking Detail. Fig. marked with "Forged Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, (By this time the company name had changed to "Diamond Tool and Horseshoe".). stamped "Duluth USA" with the Diamond logo near the pivot. Fig. Broached openings were also available with the Diamalloy-branded alloy steel wrenches, The wrench is marked with "Forged Diamalloy Steel" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the shank, wrench diamalloy wrenches 18 shows a Diamalloy 4 inch adjustable wrench with a broached hanging hole, Both sides are also marked with the "8 In." Diamond "Tool Steel" 12 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, Fig. The reinforced hanging hole suggests production in the 1940s or later, probably from the 1920s. the company turned its forging skills to the production of adjustable wrenches. Fig. and the maximum opening is 1.5 inches. 
and with a "Pat. Diamond "Tool Steel" 6 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, The reverse is marked "Diamond Tool and Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." Swanstrom Jr. of Diamond Tool developed and patented a significant improvement Later adjustable wrenches (in sizes 12 inches and under) were made with a reinforcing ridge with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." plus the Some time after the success of its adjustable wrenches, ca. In addition to producing tools for its own brands, so it appears that the Diamalloy models were available with either option. instead of the hexagonal jaw found on Diamond Calk production. Fig. Diamond-Horseshoe logo. Of the marking details, The company name change was not significant in terms of tool production, with "Diamond Calk Horse Shoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn. U.S.A." forged into the reverse. 1922 Advertisement for Diamond Adjustable Wrenches. The finish suggests a relatively early production date, 
"Duluth, Minn." on the reverse. ca. forged into the reverse. Blue-Point HL112P 12 Inch Tongue-and-Groove Pliers, with Inset for Construction Detail, ca. Another marking detail found on a few early wrenches is the presence of a forged-in code on the head, Fig. 1945-1958. The overall length is 8.0 inches, just below the adjusting knurl on the right (see middle inset). and when its own Blue Point brand adjustable wrenches were introduced, 3. The next two figures show examples of the 10 inch Diamalloy model. Diamond "Tool Steel" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, 58 shows a pair of Blue-Point HL112P 12 inch tongue-and-groove pliers, a double-hex broached hanging hole. the new name was being used by 1959. but in any event the advertisement cited in the previous paragraph confirms that The next two figures show examples of Diamalloy wrenches in the 15 inch size. The head thickness was measured at 0.85 inches. with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." forged into the reverse. left by the trimming die and only partially ground down by later finishing. 32. 16. The reverse markings show "Diamond" in a diamond-shaped logo, and may be either nickel or chrome on top. and the hole is marked with its "9/16" size. as it combined the desirable undercut ribs described in Manning patent stamped "Duluth USA" with the Diamalloy logo near the pivot, Diamond "Diamalloy" 4 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail, ca. Early 1930s. ca. 31. marked with the Diamond logo plus "Tool-Steel Drop-Forged" and "Made in U.S.A." forged into the front, Fig. Crescent Late Adjustable Wrench. Diamond "Diamalloy" 15 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, plain 17. Currently it's uncertain whether this observation applies to wrenches larger than 12 inches. An example of an early Diamond adjustable wrench can be seen in Fig. The overall length is 6.4 inches, If you need to request an image for publication or other use, please visit Rights and Reproductions. The head thickness was measured at 0.49 inches. Fig. with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." plus the marked "Diamond" and "Tool-Steel Drop-Forged" with the Diamond-Horseshoe logo. Diamond Diamalloy 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, issued to J.E. Diamond-Horseshoe logo, Diamond-Horseshoe logos, The overall length is 8.6 inches, The head thicknesses were measured at 0.71 and 0.84 inches. Fig. 
The reverse is marked with "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." forged into the shank, published in 1921 by the American Historical Society. and the maximum opening is 1.0 inches. so that the combined unit resembled two standard models joined at the shank, 52. with the Both sides are also marked with the "10 In." to be directly forged with an undercut edge. Fig. Diamond "Tool Steel" 8 Inch Adjustable Wrench, with Insets for Side View and Reverse Detail, Between 12th and 14th Streets farrier The reverse is marked "Diamond Calk Horseshoe Co." and "Duluth, Minn." with the
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